Notes on Child Acquisition

Useful links

 https://www.ted.com/talks/deb_roy_the_birth_of_a_word
https://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6i_W6Afed2k
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ElabA5YICsA
http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b098jjr4
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/jan/09/children-madeup-words-first-language-creativity-vocabulary-parents-infants
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/14/talking-to-babies-brain-power-language
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/feb/08/taalk-proper


 C.D.S-  Child directed speech 

Chomsky and Nativism = Behaviourism 
Chomsky doesn't believe CDS is significant
Jerone Bruner and interactionism  L.A.S.S
Skinner and Bruner believe CDS is significant
Positive/ negative reinforcement
Phonology- O.T.T intonation- sing song
-O.T.T non verbal communication
-repeat whats been said?
NATURE VS NUTURE
born with language or taught it?

 Deb roy
Cognitive scientist 
="Language defines you as a human"
Speech home rocket features caregivers language
Converge- match ability of a child
A they develop language- so do the caregivers
Child semantic awareness shows their phonological ability
CDS has a far broader reach than baby talk
Function, structure and pragmatics
CDS matches that of the person your speaking too.

 L A S S - Language acquisition support system 
Reading, nursery rhymes and word play
peekaboo
The pragmatics of turn taking 
adjacency pairs- questions and answers

 Vygotsky
'Zone of proximal develop,emt'
Bruner
introduced the concept of 'scaffolding'
DLA theories
1- Behaviourism
2- Nativism
3- Interactionism- Deb Roy
4- Cognitivism

 Documentary- Stephen Fry- Planet Word- http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b015h1xb
"An inate ability in language"
Noam Chomsky "God father of linguistics"
"Language is a part of our genetic makeup"

 L                    A              D
Language Acquisition Device

 "The forbidden Experiment"
FOX P-2 
Scientific evidence of Chomsky's theory 

 Critical 
Acquisition      = Language must be stimulated by caregiver before puberty 
Period 

 Jean Berko- Gleason (1958) 'The Wug Test'
Jean Berko Gleason ) is a Professor in the Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences  who has made fundamental contributions to the understanding of language acquisition in children,gender differences in language development, and parent–child interactions.
In her Wug Test,  she demonstrated that even young children possess implicit knowledge of linguistic morphology.
Chomsky- children applying grammatical rules.

 C.D.L
Linguistc Analysis
 -Spontaneous/ turn taking - Adjacency pairs - Halliday's functions
-Gender/Power
-Tag Questions
-Speakers
-Accent
-Interruptions 
-Pragmatics- what is and isn't being said?
-Postitive/negative face and politeness strategies 

 C.D.L Stages
Is language learnt because all humans have an in-built capacity or nature to learn language or is a child's environment move influential in shaping the way language is learnt? 
The influence of care givers?
SKINNER - OPERANT CONDITIONING
Skinner 
This was defined as behaviour that is spontaneous but the consequences of which will effect future behaviour.
Positive reinforcement is the correct answer and can be just successful communication.
Sender- message - receiver - context
Children are more likely to be corrected on the truth value of their utterances than the linguistic accuracy. 

 Telegraphic Stage
- Auxiliary verbs
- Propositions 
-Pronouns 
-Modal Verbs

 Post Telegraphic Stage
- Form questions
is they use auxiliary verbs can also use as a negative determiner

 Caregivers- Restricted vocabulary
Simplified lexis 
Grammar- Tend to speak in present tense 
Fewer verbs
Simple syntax 
restricted range of vocab patterns

 Supportive language 
Adults often echo incorrect questions and replace the unclear bit with a question to encourage them to repeat it
Adults also copy and expand upon children utterances




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